Did your family come from Norway?
You are far from alone. In the century after 1825, about 800,000 Norwegians emigrated, most of them to the United States. Measured against its population, Norway lost a larger share of its people to emigration than any other European country except Ireland.
It began on 4 July 1825, when the sloop Restauration left Stavanger with 52 people on board and reached New York on 9 October. Then came the great waves: 1866–1873, 1879–1893 and the first decade of the 1900s, with a smaller wave again in the 1920s. In the peak year of 1882 alone, almost 29,000 people left Norway.
Most settled in the American Midwest: Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Iowa and Illinois, and later on the Pacific coast in Washington. But Norwegians also built new lives far beyond the United States:
- Canada — especially the Prairies, and in larger numbers in the 1920s, when the United States limited immigration.
- Hawaii — in 1881, 613 Norwegians arrived on the ships Beta and Musca from Drammen to work on the sugar plantations.
- New Zealand — Norsewood was founded as a Norwegian settlement in 1872.
- South Africa — in 1882, 246 Norwegians, most from Ålesund and Sunnmøre, sailed on the Lapland to found Marburg in Natal.
- Australia, South America and Britain — smaller but real Norwegian communities grew there too.
The Second World War was not a wave of emigration, but it scattered many Norwegians across the world. During the German occupation (1940–1945), about 50,000 Norwegians fled to Sweden and about 3,300 crossed the North Sea in small boats to Britain. Thousands of Norwegian seamen sailed in the Allied merchant fleet, and about 3,700 of them lost their lives. A Norwegian air-force training camp, "Little Norway", opened near Toronto in November 1940. Some of these men and women never moved home again: they married and built their lives abroad.
Today, nearly 4 million Americans and more than 460,000 Canadians report Norwegian ancestry. Perhaps you are one of them.
Sources: Store norske leksikon – Utvandring · Store norske leksikon – Englandsfarere · Store norske leksikon – Krigsseiler · nordics.info – Emigration from Norway · Norwegian Americans · Norwegian Canadians · Scandinavian migration to Hawaii · Marburg, South Africa · Norway in World War II